In ten of the eleven years of the study, fungicide protection significantly increased leaf yields of plants and decreased their FI. Applying fungicides weakened the positive correlation of sugar beet leaf infestation and leaf damage to the sum of precipitation relative to the unprotected plants. The efficacy and effects of the fungicide protection depended on its method of application and environmental conditions.
In field experiments, six treatments were compared: a control without fungicides three sprayings with triazoles, benzimidazoles, and strobilurins as the active ingredients and a single application of tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, strobilurin, and an epoxiconazole + thiophanate-methyl mixture. The aim of the 11-year study was to evaluate the effect that the foliar application of fungicides in sugar beet cultivation had on leaf infestation and damage, the Leaf Area Index (LAI), leaf yield, and a plant foliage index (FI) expressed as the ratio of leaf mass to root mass. Their efficacy and effects of use depend on, among other things, the active ingredient and number of sprayings, as well as environmental conditions.
One means of protecting leaves is to apply fungicides. The size and health of the leaves determine photosynthesis and the production of sugars and their redistribution throughout the plant and thus the yields and quality of individual organs. The rosette is the above-ground morphological part of sugar beet in the first year of its ontogenesis.
In the second paper, state of the art value-added conversion technologies for these by-products are described in detail. This is the first of two papers where production of several by-products is detailed together with their specific physicochemical properties and the ways in which they can be utilized beneficially and sustainably.
Sugar crops such as sugarcane and sugar beets are versatile in that they include a rich sugar fraction (sucrose, syrups) in addition to fiber (cellulose), fodder (green and brown leaves and tops), fuel and chemicals (bagasse, molasses), and fertilizer (press mud). Their reuse represents a prime opportunity for value capture and for the sugar processing industry to be in the forefront of sustainability, while possibly realizing additional profits. In the agricultural sector, sugar crops processing for the production of sugar generates a wide variety of by-products. This has resulted in an increased awareness for environmental sustainability in all industrial sectors. Additionally, rising oil and gas prices and potential future shortages lead to concerns about the security of the energy supply needed to sustain our economic growth. Around the world, growing energy consumption from rapid urbanization and industrialization together with the overwhelming reliance on fossil fuels is affecting the integrity of both natural and human systems.
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